[107] Gorbachev also developed good relationships with senior figures including the Soviet Prime Minister, Alexei Kosygin,[108] and the longstanding senior party member Mikhail Suslov. [50] On 25 September 1953 he and Raisa registered their marriage at Sokolniki Registry Office;[50] and in October moved in together at the Lenin Hills dormitory. Gorbachev was the son of Russian peasants in Stavropol territory (kray) in southwestern Russia. The Congress passed the reform, undermining the de jure nature of the one-party state. In so doing, Gorbachev helped end the Cold War. Gorbachev worked with U.S. President Ronald Reagan to lessen the political and military tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. The CIS began operations in early 1992. In the coup's wake, the Soviet Union dissolved against Gorbachev's wishes. He proposed the formation of a new institution, the Congress of People's Deputies, whose members were to be elected in a largely free vote. [538] Doder and Branson thought that throughout most of his political career prior to becoming general secretary, "his publicly expressed views almost certainly reflected a politician's understanding of what should be said, rather than his personal philosophy. c. Republicans brought more women into public office than any other party, but actively legislated for men's rights. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955. b. was the first of its kind to be operational. [57], In August 1955, Gorbachev started work at the Stavropol regional procurator's office, but disliked the job and used his contacts to get a transfer to work for Komsomol,[58] becoming deputy director of Komsomol's agitation and propaganda department for that region. While the election was a victory for Gorbachev, it also revealed serious . [640] Taubman characterized Gorbachev as "a visionary who changed his country and the worldthough neither as much as he wished". a. b. glasnost. [51] Raisa discovered that she was pregnant and although the couple wanted to keep the child she fell ill and required a life-saving abortion. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 - 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991. [368] Domestically, Gorbachev's critics accused him of betraying the national interest;[369] more broadly, they were angry that Gorbachev had allowed the Eastern Bloc to move away from direct Soviet influence. The proceedings were televised, and for the first time since the 1920s, voting was not unanimous. After the coup the republics moved rapidly to claim their independence. e. Republicans distanced themselves from Nixon and won majorities in 1974. d. Watergate undermined public confidence in the merits of the federal government. But, in part because his economic reforms were being obstructed by the Communist Party, Gorbachev tried to restructure the governments legislative and executive branches in order to release them from the grip of the CPSU. [123] He and his wife socialized little, but liked to visit Moscow's theaters and museums. But the man who died Tuesday at 91 was also reviled by many countrymen who blamed him for the 1991 implosion of the . In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the presidential race in part because he: [583] He was sensitive to personal criticism and easily took offense. [239] He sought improved relations with China, a country whose Marxist government had severed ties with the Soviets in the Sino-Soviet Split and had since undergone its own structural reform.
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