Shell is a particularly good temper for backswamp clays like those in the Lower Mississippi River Valley. 2008 Hampson Archeological Museum State Park. It spread over a great area of the Southeast and the mid-continent, in the river valleys of what are now the states of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, with scattered extensions northward into Wisconsin and Minnesota and westward into the Great Plains. The culture was based on intensive cultivation of corn (maize), beans, squash, and other crops, which resulted in large concentrations of population in towns along riverine bottomlands. Mound builders Facts for Kids Somewhere between four and six mounds (three of which remain) defined a single plaza at Sims. The agricultural boom of the Mississippian culture concentrated wealth at the top. Recent scholarship has shown, however, that while these are widely shared characteristics among SECC items are found in Mississippian-culture sites from Wisconsin to the Gulf Coast, and from Florida to Arkansas and Oklahoma. Some encounters were violent, while others were relatively peaceful. (1927). Corn, squash, and beans. Current issues are available through the Scholarly Publishing Collective. After his contact, their cultures were relatively unaffected directly by Europeans, though they were indirectly. [citation needed]. A number of cultural traits are recognized as being characteristic of the Mississippians. [10] Plaquemine culture was contemporaneous with the Middle Mississippian culture at the Cahokia site near St. Louis, Missouri. There is other evidence for Mississippian influence in extreme southeastern Louisiana, again mostly in the form of shell-tempered pottery and Mississippian designs that appear on both shell- and grog-tempered vessels. Sites in this area often contain large ceremonial platform mounds, residential complexes and are often encircled by earthen ditches and ramparts orpalisades.[10]. The economic opportunities that 17th and 18th century European explorers and settlers found in the Arkansas region were very much the product of the long term adaptations of earlier Indian communities. Although not all Mississippian peoples practiced all of the following activities, they were distinct from their ancestors in the adoption of some or all of these traits. Coles Creek sites appear to be larger, more numerous, and more complex than those of their predecessors. From A.D. 1200 on, corn, beans, and squash were the staple crops in many areas. Their societies may also have had a somewhat lower level ofsocial stratification. The term Middle Mississippian is also used to describe the core of the classic Mississippian culture area. The final occupation at Transylvania may represent a late migration of Mississippian people down the Mississippi River into Louisiana. Mound-building Native American culture in Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States, Learn how and when to remove this template message, list of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition, List of burial mounds in the United States, "Mississippian Period Archaeological Sites", "Southeastern Prehistory:Mississippian and Late Prehistoric Period", "Revisiting Platform Mounds and Townhouses in the Cherokee Heartland: A Collaborative Approach", "Tejas-Caddo Fundamentals-Caddoan Languages and Peoples", "Tejas-Caddo Fundamentals-Mississippian World", The Mississippian and Late Prehistoric Period, Indian Mounds of Mississippi, a National Park Service, Animation: Towns and Temples of the Mississippian Culture-5 Sites, Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippian_culture&oldid=1141967145, History of indigenous peoples of North America, Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, 8th-century establishments in North America, 16th-century disestablishments in North America, Articles lacking in-text citations from October 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Widespread trade networks extending as far west as the.
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